The seventh Kleos issue is published! As always we are proud to present the work of starting scholars of (r)MA or PhD-level.

The papers included in the issue cover a wide range of subjects. Below, we present you the authors and their papers one by one. All the papers are accessible here as well through the links in the title of each paper. This will bring you to the Kleos Academia page.

You can also download the entire issue here: Kleos Issue 8

Previous Issues of Kleos can be found on our Previous Issues page.

Lucy Visser and Dirk Vervenne

This paper focuses on a Charthaginian sarcophagus that was recovered in an Etruscan context. It examines how the
elements from both ancient societies can be found in this sarcophagus as a result of their constant interaction. The paper states that such an artefact is an outstanding example of new practices and meanings created by this constant exchange with a result that is mutually understandable.

Lucy Visser studied History and followed the Research Master Ancient, Medieval and Renaissance Studies at Utrecht University, with a focus on ancient history. She concluded her studies in 2021 with the RMA thesis The Final Act of the Etruscans: Perceptions of Etruscanness in Imperial Rome. Her research focuses on reimagining the
role Etruscans played on the Italian Peninsula in antiquity and later periods.

Dirk Vervenne studied history at the Radboud University in Nijmegen, where he concluded the master Ancient and Medieval Mediterranean Worlds with the thesis Signs of Carthage. Carthaginian self‐presentation on stelae and coinage. His research focuses on the history and material culture of Carthage, with a particular interest in Carthaginian coinage. Dirk is also the co‐editor of the Dutch language volume Carthago. Ooit verwoest, nooit verdwenen.

Maaike E.J.M. van Etten

This article examines the perspective presented by two classical authors, Cassius Dio and Herodian, regarding their perspective on an adolescent emperor, Heliogabalus. The paper seeks to determine if the point of view presented by them is because of the emperor’s age or due to other reasons.


Maaike E.J.M. van Etten obtained her research master’s degree in Classics and Ancient Civilisations at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in 2024. Her research interest focuses on Roman emperors, particularly examining how they legitimised their power through various media and how their contemporaries perceived these efforts. Currently, she intends to pursue a PhD position to further research the complex interplay between power and image formation, as well as its representation in ancient historiography. As a board member of the Nederlands Klassiek Verbond (NKV), she is also committed to making Antiquity accessible to a broader audience.

Lola Stamboulian

The main aim of this article is to explore how cultural manifestations of Australian Aboriginals, like art and oral history, have played a role in creating resistance to what has been said about them. The study successfully demonstrates the historical disregard to their voices and concerns, while highlighting how art and oral history challenge colonial perspectives. 

Lola Stamboulian is an RMA candidate in Archaeology and Heritage at the University of Amsterdam and holds a BA in Archaeology and Anthropology from University College London (UCL). Her research focuses on the politics of heritage in post‐colonial and conflict contexts, emphasising decoloniality and alternative epistemologies. She is interested in both monuments and intangible heritage such as oral history and their intersection with memory studies as alternative ways of preserving identity and collective memory in the face of cultural erasure. 

Vera Bouterse 

The topic is the dilemma of preserving the original or transformed hard memory, deals with the ongoing debate of what should be done with graffiti on monuments. The paper examines the arguments of the two opposing sides by using two concepts of memory: hard and soft. The case studies illustrate the difficulty in making one of these views to prevail above the other.

Vera Bouterse is a Research Master’s student in Archaeology and Heritage at the University of Amsterdam. She obtained her Bachelor’s degree in Ancient Studies at the same university, graduating cum laude. Her research focuses on memory studies, with particular attention to monuments, materiality, and Dutch Second World War remembrance. In addition, she conducts provenance research into archaeological collections.